Used as a marking point where the music returns to the sign.ĭ.S. The "c." or sometimes "ca." means "circa - (around)" In this case, there are around 60 minim beats every minute (or one per second). ![]() Go back to the original tempo (literally - "in time").Ī metronome speed indication. Rallentando and ritardando: Both mean slow down gradually.Ī pause sign (sometimes called a fermata) means to hold the note/rest/chord at the performer's/conductor's will. On the second playing, omit the first time bar and jump to the second ending before continuing.ĭouble bar line: Indicates the end of a section or the end of the piece. Syncopation: A syncopated rhythm is one where the notes occur off the normal beat, or a normally accented note is missing.įirst and second time bar endings: The first playing will finish at the first time ending, repeating back to the start repeat sign. (The same tune follows straight after at a different pitch). Sequence: A musical pattern which is repeated immediately at a higher or lower pitch. Repetition: Where musical patterns are repeated. no break in between.Ĭhord (triad): Three notes sounded simultaneously, usually making a pleasant, harmonious sound.īroken chord: Notes of a chord played in succession in any order Slur: The curved line above or below two notes at different pitches, which indicates that the notes are joined together smoothly e.g. For example, two minims joined by a tie becomes one note held for 4 crotchet beats. Tie: The curved line above or below two notes at the same pitch which joins their time values together. It consists of one or more sharps or flats. Key signature: The sign at the beginning of each staff which indicates the key (main tonal centre) of the piece. a value of 4 means quarter notes (crotchets). Time signature: In simple time, the top number indicates the number of beats in each bar, whilst the bottom number indicates the type of beat e.g. Mezzo forte - (medium loud, or moderately loud).ĭiminuendo (or decrescendo) - gradually getting softer Mezzo piano - (medium soft, or moderately soft). Repeat sign: This sign indicates that the music between the double bar lines with the dots is to be repeated. Treble clef: The sign indicating that the range of notes is high pitched.īass clef: The sign indicating that the range of notes is low pitched.Īlto or tenor clef: The sign indicating that the range of notes is pitched across the treble and bass clef range. Staff or stave: The lines and spaces on which musical notes are written.īars with bar lines: Each bar (or measure) contains a certain number of beats. ![]() Semiquaver rest: A rest (silence) worth one quarter of a crotchet beat. Quaver rest: A rest (silence) worth a half a crotchet beat. Minim rest: A rest (silence) worth 2 crotchet beats.Ĭrotchet rest: A rest (silence) worth 1 crotchet beat. ![]() Staccato: A dot under or over the note means that it is short and detached.Īccent: This sign means that the note is accented or emphasized. The crotchet beat is divided into 3 instead of the usual 2. Triplet: Each note is worth a third of a beat. The dot extends the value by half as much again, i.e. Together they equal one crotchet beat.ĭotted minim: A note worth 3 crotchet beats. ![]() Semiquavers (or sixteenth note): The notes are joined together by a double beam. Quaver (or eighth note) - a note worth a half a crotchet beat.Ī pair of quavers: The notes are joined together by a beam. Minim (or half note) - a note worth 2 crotchet beats.Ĭrotchet (or quarter note) - a note usually worth 1 beat. Semibreve (or whole note) - a note worth 4 crotchet beats.
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